Development of monoclonal antibodies against spores of <i>Nosema ceranae</i> for the diagnosis of nosemosis

Type C nosemosis caused by the microsporidian fungus Nosema ceranae is a major disease that affects beekeeping industry worldwide. Nosemosis very difficult to diagnose as it lacks characteristic symptoms, and any presented spp. infections are indistinguishable from those of other diseases seen in honey bees. For these reasons, novel method was developed for rapid accurate diagnosis nosemosis. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were three different monoclones (9A4, 14A8, 19B2) found be reactive whole spores during ELISA. The 9A4-, 14A8-, 19B2-derived mAbs suitable western blot analysis classified IgG1, IgG2b, IgG3, respectively. manufactured this study have practical applications diagnostic tests. These methods, production such kits, may aid early detection treatment nosemosis, help prevent indiscriminate needless use toxic medicines, hive collapse monetary losses beekeepers.